The term "fixture" might not be familiar to those outside the manufacturing sector. While collectively referred to as fixtures, their shapes and sizes vary greatly depending on their specific applications. This article explains the purpose of fixtures and how they are used.
Table of Contents
- Fixtures: Tools for Securing Parts and Guiding Processes
- Fixtures Used in Manual Operations
- Fixtures Used in Machining
- Conclusion
Fixtures: Tools for Securing Parts and Guiding Processes
Fixtures are auxiliary tools used during manufacturing to secure workpieces and guide processing operations. They are sometimes referred to as support tools.
For instance, securing a curved workpiece on a flat surface with screws can be challenging. Without proper handling, screws may not align properly. However, using a tool designed to fit the workpiece’s curved surface can stabilize it, making the operation more precise and efficient.
This is the fundamental role of fixtures. Beyond securing workpieces, they also ensure consistent quality and enhance processing efficiency.
Fixtures are generally divided into two main categories:
- Fixtures of various designs used on production lines.
- Fixtures designed to secure workpieces during machining operations.
Because fixtures are tailored to specific tasks and workpieces, they are not mass-produced. Instead, technical staff from production departments or specialized manufacturers create them based on their intended use.
Fixtures Used in Manual Operations
Common types of fixtures used in production lines include:
- Fixtures for securing workpieces during manual or automated tasks such as processing or measuring.
- Fixtures for positioning parts during adhesive bonding or similar tasks.
- Fixtures for guiding the insertion of other components or tools, such as during brazing.
- Fixtures for masking areas during spray painting or sealant application to protect non-target surfaces.
The materials and designs of these fixtures vary depending on their application.
- For light-duty tasks like manual operations, fixtures often use lightweight materials such as nylon resin, combined with small clamps.
- For tasks involving extreme conditions, such as high temperatures or heavy loads (e.g., during quenching), durable metal fixtures are used.
In some cases, fixtures are automated. For example, a fixture might automatically engage to secure a workpiece as soon as it is placed in position.
Fixtures Used in Machining
Fixtures used in machining, such as on CNC machines, are typically made from robust materials like stainless steel.
Their sizes depend on the type of operation. Some fixtures are large enough to require cranes for movement, and workpieces are often secured with bolts for a stronger hold.
For example, the component that supports and secures a workpiece during cutting is a fixture.
Some machining fixtures, especially those used on CNC machines, include multiple threaded holes, allowing a single fixture to accommodate various workpiece designs.
Conclusion
While the term "fixture" may be unfamiliar to those outside the manufacturing industry, fixtures play a critical role similar to that of tools and machines.
Incorporating fixture design into the early stages of machine development can reduce costs and improve quality. Fixtures are essential for ensuring efficient and precise manufacturing operations.